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HR for Indian Startups: Getting the Basics Right Before They Become Problems

A startup hiring its first employees sits in an awkward compliance position. The statutory obligations are real, but the team handling HR is usually a founder or an early operations hire with no dedicated HR background. Offer letters, payslips, and PF filings are all required and all easy to get wrong without the right tools.Indian startups face a specific set of HR problems. Hiring moves fast, documentation gets deferred, and compliance obligations arrive before anyone planned for them. Getting offer letters, onboarding, and statutory filings right from the start prevents problems that become much harder to fix once the team is larger.The HR obligations that apply to an Indian startup are not optional. PF, ESI, offer letters, and payslips are statutory requirements, not best practices. Doing them correctly from the first hire protects the company as it scales and avoids disputes that are expensive to settle later.

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When HR Obligations Start for an Indian Startup

Most founders expect compliance to kick in once the company is bigger. In practice, several obligations apply from the first hire. The employment relationship creates documentation requirements immediately, including a written record of terms, compensation structure, and the conditions under which the person can be separated.

Statutory obligations layer on as headcount grows. PF registration becomes mandatory at 20 employees in most states, ESI at 10. The Shops and Establishments Act registration, which governs working hours, leave, and other conditions, applies early in most states. The exact trigger varies by state, with some requiring registration from the first employee and others setting a headcount threshold.

The common mistake is treating compliance as something to address when the company is more stable. By then, there are undocumented offers, inconsistent salary structures, and employees who were never enrolled in PF when they should have been. Correcting those retrospectively takes significant time and, in some cases, involves penalties.

Obligation Threshold Timeline
Shops & Establishments registration Varies by state; some require from first employee, others set a threshold Within 30 days of starting operations
PF registration 20 employees (10 in some states) Within 30 days of crossing threshold
ESI registration 10 employees in most states Within 15 days of crossing threshold
Professional tax Varies by state State-specific deadlines
TDS on salaries Any salaried employee above exemption limit Monthly deduction and quarterly filing

Documents Every Startup Needs from the First Hire

These are not optional. Each one creates the written record that governs the employment relationship and protects the company if a dispute arises later.

Statutory Compliance for Indian Startups

The three obligations that most commonly catch startups off guard are PF, ESI, and the requirement to structure salaries correctly under the new Labour Codes.

PF is mandatory once you employ 20 or more people, or 10 in some states. The employer contributes 12 percent of basic wages and the employee contributes the same. Contributions must be deposited by the 15th of the following month. Late deposits attract interest and penalties that accumulate quickly if the company falls behind for several months.

ESI applies to employees earning up to Rs 21,000 per month in establishments with 10 or more employees. The employer contributes 3.25 percent of gross wages and the employee 0.75 percent. ESI registration must happen within 15 days of crossing the threshold.

The new Labour Codes, effective from late 2025 in states that have notified them, require that basic wages constitute at least 50 percent of total CTC. This affects how many startups have structured salaries, where a low basic with high allowances was common. Salaries structured with a low basic to reduce PF liability may now be non-compliant and require restructuring.

  • PF contribution rate. 12 percent of basic wages from both employer and employee. Employer also contributes 0.5 percent to EDLI and 0.5 percent as administrative charges, making the total employer outgo roughly 13 percent of basic.
  • ESI contribution rate. Employer: 3.25 percent of gross wages. Employee: 0.75 percent. Applies where gross wages are at or below Rs 21,000 per month.
  • 50 percent basic wage rule. Under the new Labour Codes, basic wages must be at least 50 percent of total CTC. This raises the PF and gratuity base for employees whose structures had a low basic component.
  • Gratuity. Payable to employees with five or more years of continuous service. The new Labour Codes introduce proportional gratuity for fixed-term employees after one year, which affects how startups using contract roles should track tenure from the outset.
  • TDS on salaries. Monthly deduction at applicable slab rates, deposited to the government by the 7th of the following month. March is an exception: TDS deducted in March must be deposited by April 30. Form 16 issued by June 15 after the financial year ends.

How Offrd Helps

Built for teams where one person handles HR alongside everything else. No minimum headcount, no setup project, no HR expertise required to operate.

Offer letters without a template fight

Enter the designation, CTC structure, probation terms, and joining date. The offer letter comes out formatted and correct. Pay ₹99 per letter or use the subscription. The first 50 documents are free when you sign up.

Payslips from the same employee record

Monthly payslips generated from the salary structure and attendance data already in Offrd. No separate spreadsheet to maintain, no manual calculation of PF and ESI deductions each month.

Onboarding that collects the right documents

New joiners submit their KYC documents through a structured onboarding flow. Aadhaar, PAN, bank details, and nominee information collected and stored against the employee record from day one.

Probation tracking so nothing slips

Offrd surfaces when probation periods are ending so confirmation or extension letters get issued on time. A probationer continuing without a confirmation letter creates ambiguity that is expensive to resolve later.

Increment and separation letters when you need them

Increment letters, separation letters, relieving letters, and experience letters all generated from the employee record. Consistent information across every document the employee receives.

No minimum team size

Offrd works for a 5-person team on the same terms as a 150-person company. Pay-per-use means you pay for what you generate. Subscription at ₹50 per active employee per month when the volume justifies it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What HR software works best for Indian startups under 50 employees?
For startups under 50 employees, the key requirements are flexible pricing with no minimums, fast setup, and coverage of the core obligations: PF, ESI, offer letters, and payslips. Offrd is built for this profile. Pay-per-use at ₹99 per document, or ₹50 per active employee per month on the subscription. New accounts get 50 free credits.
When does PF registration become mandatory for an Indian startup?
PF registration is mandatory once you employ 20 or more people, or 10 in some states. Voluntary registration is possible before reaching this threshold. Registration must happen within 30 days of crossing the applicable headcount.
Do startups need to issue formal offer letters from the first hire?
Indian law does not mandate a specific offer letter format, but a written offer from the first hire is strongly advisable. It sets the terms of employment in writing before any dispute can arise. Verbal offers with nothing documented are difficult to defend if the relationship goes wrong.
What is ESI and when does it apply?
ESI is the Employees State Insurance scheme, providing medical and other benefits. It applies to establishments with 10 or more employees in most states, where employees earn up to Rs 21,000 per month. The employer contributes 3.25 percent of gross wages and the employee contributes 0.75 percent. Registration must happen within 15 days of crossing the threshold.
Can a startup use Offrd without a dedicated HR person?
Yes. Many Offrd users are founder-led teams where the founder or an operations lead handles HR alongside other responsibilities. Offer letters, payslips, probation letters, and other documents are generated from employee data without requiring HR expertise to operate.
What does the 50 percent basic wage rule mean for startups?
Under the new Labour Codes, basic wages must constitute at least 50 percent of total CTC. Many startups previously structured salaries with a low basic and high allowances to reduce PF liability. Those structures may now be non-compliant and require review. The higher basic also increases the PF and gratuity base for affected employees.

Start with the basics. Build HR that holds up as you grow.

Offer letters, payslips, onboarding, and compliance, from the same employee record. No minimum headcount.

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